Vitamin D levels in pregnant women in Uttarakhand, India

Authors

  • Nikita Pahuja Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
  • Nidhi Chauhan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
  • Vinita Kalra Department of Biochemistry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175840

Keywords:

Bacterial vaginosis, Gestational diabetes, Nutritious diet, Pre-eclampsia, Vitamin D deficiency

Abstract

Background: A balanced, nutritious diet is an important aspect of a healthy pregnancy and its outcome. Vitamin D plays an important role in regular bone growth and in adequate function of innate immune system, including barrier function of mucous membrane. Vitamin D deficiency in adult females may increase risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis. The present study was undertaken to find the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in the women of Uttarakhand, India.

Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun, India over a period of 12 months. Sample size was 100 pregnant females attending antenatal clinic.

Results: Out of 100 subjects, 21 (21%) had deficient, 69 (69%) had insufficient and 10 (10%) had sufficient vitamin D status. Out of 21 deficient subjects, 18 (85.71%) were Hindus, 2 (9.52%) were Muslims, 1 (4.76%) was Sikh and no deficiency was seen in Christian. In the present study, deficient vitamin D status was seen in 1 (4.76%) in lower, 16 (76.19%) in middle and 4 (19.04%) subjects in upper socioeconomic status.

Conclusions: It is concluded from our study that there is serious vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the women of Uttarakhand, India.

References

Haider BA, Bhutta ZA. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD004905.

Theobald HE. Eating for pregnancy and breast-feeding. J Fam Health Care. 2007;17(2):45-9.

Biesalski HK. Vitamin D Recommendation-beyond deficiency. Ann Nutr Metab. 2011;59:10-6.

Agarwal KS, Mughal MZ, Upadhyay P, Berry JL, Mawer EB, Puliyel JM. The impact of atmospheric pollution on vitamin D status of infants and toddlers in Delhi, India. Arch Dis Child. 2002;87:111-3.

Delvin EE, Salle BL, Glorieux FH, Adeleine P, David LS. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: effect on neonatal calcium homeostasis. J Pediatr. 1986;109:328-34.

Purvis RJ, MacKay GS, Cockburn F, Barrie WM, Wilkinson EM, Belton NR et al. Enamel hypoplasia of the teeth associated with neonatal tetany: a manifestation of maternal vitamin-D deficiency. The Lancet. 1973 Oct 13;302(7833):811-4.

Sachan A, Gupta R, Das V, Agarwal A, Awasthi PK, Bhatia V. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in northern India. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:1060-4.

Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Robyn M. Lucas Sharon Lewis, Jane Halliday. Vitamin D status during Pregnancy and Aspects of Offspring Health. Nutrients. 2010;2(3):389-407.

Masood SH, Iqbal MP. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in South Asia. Pak J Med Sci. 2008;24(6):891-7.

Siddiqui TS, Rai MI. Presentation and predisposing factors of nutritional rickets in children of Hazara division. J Ayub Med Coll. 2005;17(3):29-32.

Atiq M, Suria A. Maternal vitamin-D deficiency in Pakistan. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998;77:970-3.

Andiran N, Yordam N. The risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in breastfed newborns and their mothers. European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology 39th Annual Meeting, Brussels. 2000;17-9.

Tangpricha V, Pearce EN, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults. Am J Med. 2002;112(8):659-62.

Bodnar LM, Catov JM, Roberts JM, Simhan HN. Prepregnancy obesity predicts poor vitamin D status in mothers and their neonates. J Nutr. 2007;137:2437-42.

Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J, Haddad JG, Kolm P, Hollis BW. Racial pigmentation and the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:536-8.

Downloads

Published

2017-12-25

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles