Cleft lip and cleft palate: a disease with multiple risk factors in a pregnant woman
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20151311Keywords:
Birth defects, Cleft lip, Oral clefts, Cleft lip and palate, Risk factor, Maternal exposureAbstract
Clefts of the lip and/or palate (CLP) are currently the most common craniofacial birth defects that arise as a result of failure of facial embryonic processes to fuse. CLP etiology, which involves both genetic and environmental factors, is highly complex; its molecular basis remains largely unknown. In the current study we present a case report of a woman with prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate, who had multiple risk factors including genetics, advanced age, family history, antiepileptic drug usage, consanguineous marriage and smoking. Her previous child was born with CLP, and this also contributes. Data of our study supports the hypothesis of a multifactorial etiology for CLP.
References
Martelli DR, Coletta RD, Oliveira EA, Swerts MS, Rodrigues LA, Oliveira MC, et al. Association between maternal smoking, gender, and cleft lip and palate. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;81:514-9.
Rahimov F, Jugessur A, Murray JC. Genetics of nonsyndromicorofacial clefts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012;49:73-91.
Weingärtner J, Lotz K, Fanghänel J, Gedrange T, Bienengräber V, Proff P. Induction and prevention of cleft lip, alveolus and palate and neural tube defects with special consideration of B vitamins and the methylation cycle. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68:266-77.
Kelly D, O'Dowd T, Reulbach U. Use of folic acid supplements and risk of cleft lip and palate in infants: a population-based cohort study. Br J Gen Pract. 2012;62:e466-72.
Wen Y, Lu Q. Risk prediction models for oral clefts allowing for phenotypic heterogeneity. Front Genet. 2015;13;6:264.
Sivertsen A, Wilcox AJ, Skjaerven R, Vindenes HA, Abyholm F, Harville E, et al. Familial risk of oral clefts by morphological type and severity: population based cohort study of first degree relatives. BMJ 2008;23;336:432-4.
Taghavi N, Mollaian M, Alizadeh P, Moshref M, Modabernia Sh, Akbarzadeh AR. Orofacial clefts and risk factors in tehran, iran: a case control study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012;14:25-30.
Jajja MR, Gilani A, Cawasji ZF, Imran S, Khan MS, Hashmi SS, et al. Oral clefts: a review of the cases and our experience at a single institution. J Pak Med Assoc. 2013;63:1098-102.
Holmes LB, Harvey EA, Coull BA, Huntington KB, Khoshbin S, Hayes AM, et al. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(12):1132-8.
Margulis AV, Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, Werler MM, Mittleman MA, Glynn RJ, et al. Use of topiramate in pregnancy and risk of oral clefts. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207:405.e1-7.
