Determinants of low birth weight in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality of the Eastern region of Ghana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184483Keywords:
ANC, JHS, Low birth weight, Lower Manya Krobo, SHSAbstract
Background: Low birth weight refers to new borns weighting less than 2.5 kg at birth. In November 2017, the WHO reported a global prevalence of 15.5% with 96.5% of these cases happening in developing countries. Whilst this is a global canker, the risk factors differ from locality to locality. This study aims at determining which maternal factors explains low birth weight baby delivery in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality.
Methods: The chi-square test for independence was used to test for independence. The binary logistic model is fitted for the associated factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is used to classify unbiased estimators.
Results: ANC (yes β= -2.769 sig.=0.000); Alcohol (none β=-1.479 sig.=0.000, occasionally β= −2.043 sig.=0.000); Age (<20years β=0.178 sig. =0.676, 20 to 25years β= -1.487 sig.=0.000, 26 to 30 β= -0.941 sig.=0.086); Education level (None β=2.778 sig. =0.000, primary β=3.090 sig.=0.000, JHS β=1.913 sig.=0.002, SHS/Secondary β=1.951 sig.=0.000); Exposure to Heat (Yes β=4.507 sig.=0.000). AUC education=0.67, 95% CI=0.6,0.7 and AUC Exposure to heat=0.73, 95% CI=0.68,0.77 of low birth weight.
Conclusions: Social status was not significant factor. Mothers exposed to heat had the highest risk (odds=90 times). Adolescent mothers stand high risk with odds 1.195. Mothers who attended antenatal clinics were at 94% less likelihood. Mild drinkers had lesser risk compared to no and heavy drinkers. Mothers with primary education (odds=21 times) were the riskiest compared to mothers with tertiary education. This differs from researches where no education mothers were riskiest. Only mother’s exposure to heat was found to be fairly good unbiased estimators.
References
WHO. Care of the preterm and low-birth-weight new born. Available at: www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/newborns/prematurity.
Lifespan. Available at: www.lifespan.org/conditions-treatments/disease-and-conditions/low-birthweight.
UNICEF (2015) The Neonatal Period Is the Most Vulnerable Time for a Child. Available at: www.data.unicef.org/Child-Survival/neonatal-mortality.
UN. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014. Available at: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20%28July%201%29.pdf.
UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report 2015. Available at: http://www.childmortality.org/files_v20/download/IGME%20report%202015%20child%20mortality%20final.pdf.
Wold Health Organisation (WHO). 2014. World Health Rankings. Available at: www.worldlifeexpectancy.com.
Ministry of Health (MOH), (2007). Under 5 Child Health Strategy: 2007-2015.
Ghana Statistical Services, Health of children and women in Ghana: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys, December 2016.
Ghana Factsheets of Health Statistics 2010.
Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and ICF Macro. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Accra, Ghana: GSS, GHS, and ICF Macro; 2009.
Abubakari A, Kynast-Wolf G, Jahn A. Prevalence of abnormal birth weight and related factors in Northern region, Ghana. BMC Preg Childbirth. 2015;15(1):335.
Heazell AE, Li M, Budd J, Thompson JM, Stacey T, Cronin RS, et al. Association between maternal sleep practices and late stillbirth–findings from a stillbirth case‐control study. BJOG. 2018;125(2):254-62.
Afriyie J, Bedu-Addo K, Asiamah EA, Boateng ST. Low birth weight among adolescents at Cape Coast Metropolitan Hospital of Ghana. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016;5(12):4242-7.
Annan GN, Asiedu Y. Predictors of Neonatal Deaths in Ashanti Region of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study. Adv Public Health. 2018;2018.
Fosu MO, Abdul-Rahaman I, Yekeen R. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a District Hospital in Ashanti Region of Ghana. Res Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2(4):48-54.
Tampah-Naah AM, Anzagra L, Yendaw E. Factors correlated with low birth weight in Ghana. British J Med Medical Res. 2016;16(4):1-8.
Agbozo F, Abubakari A, Der J, Jahn A. Prevalence of low birth weight, macrosomia and stillbirth and their relationship to associated maternal risk factors in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. Midwifery. 2016;40:200-6.
Afeke I, Mac-Ankrah L, Jamfaru I, Amegan-Aho KH, Mbroh HK, Lokpo SY, et al. Maternal age, low birth weight and early neonatal death in tertiary hospital in the Volta region of Ghana. Open J Pediatr. 2017;7(4):254.
Andy F. Discovering statistics using SPSS. For assumptions on chi square. A Bayesian formulation for exploratory data analysis and goodness-of-fit testing (PDF). International Statistical Review: 375.
Agresti A. An introduction to categorical data analysis. 2nd ed. University of Florida. Gainesville, Florida. Available at: https://mathdept.iut.ac.ir/sites/mathdept.iut.ac.ir/files/AGRESTI.PDF.
ROC curves and area under the curve explained. Available at: www.dataschool.io.
O'Leary M. Low birth weight as a risk factor for under vaccination Ghana; evidence from a population-based cohort. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 2016.
Owusu JT, Anderson FJ, Coleman J, Oppong S, Seffah JD, Aikins A, et al. Association of maternal sleep practices with pre‐eclampsia, low birth weight, and stillbirth among Ghanaian women. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2013;121(3):261-5.
